Monday, March 2, 2009

reptiles


examples of reptiles [2]

Reptiles: cold-blooded vertebrates covered in scales (about 6,000 species) having limbs that are sometimes atrophied or absent.
viper
Venomous snake found in hot arid regions of Eurasia and Africa with a flat triangular head and short tail; its bite can be fatal.
coral snake
Slender venomous snake of the Americas living under rocks or hidden in the ground; its bite can be fatal.
python
Large nocturnal nonvenomous snake found in hot regions of Asia, Africa and Australia; it lives mainly in trees and kills its prey by strangulation.
cobra
Venomous snake found in tropical regions of Asia and Africa; it inflates its neck when threatened.
rattlesnake
Venomous land snake of the Americas; it rattles its scaly tail to warn off enemies.

Reptile Features


What Is a Reptile?
Reptiles have been around for 300 million years, and during the age of the dinosaurs, they ruled the Earth. Those days are long gone, and those giants have vanished, but some 6,500 species of reptiles still thrive today. Crocodiles, snakes, lizards, and turtles are all reptiles. Most reptiles live on land, and most lay eggs. They are vertebrates, and, unlike any other animals, are covered in scales. They are cold-blooded, and regulate their body temperature by seeking or avoiding the sun's heat.

Reptile Features
King Cobra
Hear how a camera protected photographer Mattias Klum during a king cobra attack.

Watch Video

Rattlesnakes Photo Gallery
Check out this collection of rattlers, including the diamondback and western Massasauga. Download wallpapers to your desktop.

View Images

Saltwater Crocodile
Come face-to-face with a massive "salty," considered the animal most likely to eat a human. Learn how they kill prey as large as water buffalo, wild boar, and even shark.

Learn More

Mammals

Primates:
Rhesus Macaque
Hanuman Langur

Bears:
Eurasian Brown Bear
Asiatic Black Bear

Wild Canids:

Grey Wolf
Golden Jackel
Dhole
Red Fox
Bengal Fox
Blandford's Fox
Ruppell's Fox


Wild Cats:

Common Leopard
Snow Leopard
Asiatic Cheetah
Eurasian Lynx
Caracal Cat
Jungle Cat
Fishing Cat
Indian Desert Cat
Pakistan Sand Cat
Leopard Cat
Pallas Cat


Hyena:

Stripped Hyena

Wild Sheep and Goats:

Markhor
Himalayan Ibex
Sindh Wild Goat
Chiltan Wild Goat
Marcopolo Sheep
Urial
Bharal
Goral
Antelope, Gazelle and Deer:

Nilgai Antelope
Black Buck Antelope
Chinkara Gazelle
Goitered Gazelle
Hog Deer
Barking Deer
Musk Deer


Wild Asses:

Tibetan Wild Ass
Indian Wild Ass


Wild Boar:

Indian Wild Boar

Whales and Dolphins:

Indus Blind Dolphin

Komodo Dragon


Komodo Dragon Profile



Komodo dragons have thrived in the harsh climate of Indonesia's Lesser Sunda Islands for millions of years, although amazingly, their existence was unknown to humans until about 100 years ago.Reaching 10 feet (3 meters) in length and more than 300 pounds (136 kilograms), Komodo dragons are the heaviest lizards on Earth. They have long, flat heads with rounded snouts, scaly skin, bowed legs, and huge, muscular tails.As the dominant predators on the handful of islands they inhabit, they will eat almost anything, including carrion, deer, pigs, smaller dragons, and even large water buffalo and humans. When hunting, Komodo dragons rely on camouflage and patience, lying in wait for passing prey. When a victim ambles by, the dragon springs, using its powerful legs, sharp claws and serrated, shark-like teeth to eviscerate its prey.Animals that escape the jaws of a Komodo will only feel lucky briefly. Dragon saliva teems with over 50 strains of bacteria, and within 24 hours, the stricken creature usually dies of blood poisoning. Dragons calmly follow an escapee for miles as the bacteria takes effect, using their keen sense of smell to hone in on the corpse. A dragon can eat a whopping 80 percent of its body weight in a single feeding.There is a stable population of about 3,000 to 5,000 Komodo dragons on the islands of Komodo, Gila Motang, Rinca, and Flores. However, a dearth of egg-laying females, poaching, human encroachment, and natural disasters has driven the species to endangered status.

wild life world



Arizona's Only Major Public Aquarium Now Open at Wildlife World Zoo & Aquarium




After nearly 7 years of planning and construction, the only public aquarium located between Albuquerque and San Diego opened its doors on Saturday, December 20th, 2008.
The all-new Wildlife World Aquarium's campus-like design is unique with some 75 indoor exhibits featuring fish, mammals, birds, invertebrates, amphibians, and reptiles located in three recently completed buildings. Each building has a different title and theme: The Diversity of Life in Water; The Wild and The Wonderful; and Predators. Notable aquarium species include: black tip reef sharks, black-footed penguins, eels, stingrays, seahorses, barracuda, jellyfish, Nile and dwarf crocodiles -- nearly 150 new aquatic and semi-aquatic species in all. The total volume of display tanks, not including miles of plumbing and life support, several new water features, and a log flume ride, contain approximately 180,000 gallons of water.
There are also outdoor exhibits including the zoo's 5th ride attraction, a Log Flume Ride. Like its predecessors, the African Safari Train, the Australian Boat, and the idearc media Sky-ride, the flume ride is integrated into live animal exhibits. At 1500 feet long, the journey begins by giving riders a close up view of primate islands that feature spider monkeys and capuchin monkeys. Riders then enter a 20-foot long acrylic tunnel -- the largest section of acrylic ever installed in Arizona -- surrounded by South Pacific Reef fish. The trip closes by soaking riders as they plummet three stories into a splash pool.
The aquarium is not the only new facility guests will notice. Visitors to the Wildlife World Zoo & Aquarium will enjoy a new park entrance complete with paved, lighted and always free parking. The entrance sits at the corner of Northern and Sarival Avenues, just east of the intersection of state route 303 and Northern in Litchfield Park. This two-story landmark has an inviting central breezeway with multiple ticket windows. Plus, the new gift shop located at the west end features terrestrial zoo animal items while the east gift shop specializes in aquatic animal merchandise.
The new indoor Aquarium and extended hours of operation promise to make Wildlife World a year round family-fun and dining destination. The largest structure in the complex, the Predator building, not only holds real sharks and stingrays, but is also the site of the Tiburón Aquarium Restaurant and Flamingo Lounge!

3TV's Steve Bodinet goes inside the new Aquarium
Imagine dining indoors with awe-inspiring views of sharks swimming right past your table. From every seat in the main dining room, patrons can view some of the ocean's top predators through two massive acrylic panels that span the 60,000 gallon tank. The menu features a variety of sustainable seafood, steaks, chicken, salad, pasta and decadent desserts with a Southwestern flare. Or, enjoy outdoor seating in the Flamingo Lounge, which overlooks a new water feature with dozens of graceful Caribbean flamingos.
Both the Tiburón Restaurant and Flamingo Lounge are open to the public (admission to the aquarium not required) serving lunch and dinner daily from 10:30 a.m. to 10:30 p.m. For more information call (623) 935- 5686 or visit http://www.tiburonrestaurant.net/.
Located along the western edge of the Phoenix metropolitan area in Litchfield Park, the Wildlife World Zoo first opened its doors in 1984. It has received accreditation by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) since 1988 and joined the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) in 2004. With the opening of the Aquarium, Wildlife World has solidified its position as home to Arizona's largest collection of exotic animals with over 3000 animals representing nearly 600 species. Approximately 400,000 people, including some 75,000 students, visit annually. As a privately owned and operated institution, Wildlife World Zoo & Aquarium relies solely on gate attendance and retail sales to generate its operating and capital budgets. It receives zero public tax support, grants, or financial donations.
The Wildlife World Zoo & Aquarium is located at 16501 W. Northern Ave., Litchfield Park, AZ 85340. We are open 365 days a year. Zoo exhibits are open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Aquarium exhibits are open from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. Admission to the zoo and aquarium is $26.50 for adults and $14.25 for children 3 to 12 (plus state sales tax), children under three are free. Special evening-only admission (after 5 p.m.) to the Aquarium is $16.99 for adults and $8.99 for children 3 to 12 (plus state sales tax). Wildlife World Zoo & Aquarium has Arizona's largest collection of exotic animals with over 3000 individual animals representing nearly 600 exotic and endangered species.
For one quarter of a century, Wildlife World has endeavored to set the highest standards for our animals, our customers, and our staff. Our goal is to educate visitors about the importance of conserving wildlife and wild places including our oceans by creating a family friendly and fun environment.
Wildlife World Zoo & Aquarium is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).
As one of only a few nationally accredited, privately owned zoological parks in the United States, Wildlife World receives zero public tax money for support. We thank our visitors for their patronage, which has made our continued growth and new aquarium possible!
In 2004, the zoo was also inducted into the prestigious World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA).
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Save the Date!


October 3-4, 2009 Expo: Keynote Speaker Dr. Jane Goodall, DBE joins our conservation heroes from around the globe to share their stories with you! More

Painted Dog Conservation Reception


Please join us for a reception benefiting Painted Dog Conservation on Saturday, February 28, 2009 More

SNOW LEOPARD CONSERVANCY







Dr. Rodney Jackson
With almost thirty years of experience in the field, Dr. Rodney Jackson is the leading expert on snow leopards and their habitat. He received the 1981 Rolex Award for Enterprise for his groundbreaking radio-tracking study of snow leopards in Nepal. He was the first to radio collar a snow leopard in the wild and pioneered the standardization of snow leopard tracking methods. More




Threats
The strikingly beautiful snow leopard remains one of the world's most mysterious cats. Rarely sighted, it inhabits the high mountains of Central Asia over an expansive twelve-country range. Although snow leopards pose no threat to humans, they are hunted as a result of preying on livestock. They are also endangered due to loss of habitat and poaching for their pelt and bones. More
Solutions
The Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) engages local people in a discussion of their needs and ideas on how to live harmoniously with snow leopards. SLC builds upon traditional beliefs and empowers communities to benefit economically by maintaining a balanced ecosystem for the snow leopard. Employment, education and alternative-income projects, such as tourist homestay lodging, are the cornerstone of SLC's success.More

Saturday, February 28, 2009

Venomous Terrestrial Snakes of Pakistan


Special Note: The information on this page was taken from the field guide, A Guide to The Snakes of Pakistan, Edition Chimaira Frankfurt am Main 2002, by Dr. Muhammad Sharif Khan. I am extremely grateful to both the author Dr. Muhammad Sharif Khan and the publisher Andreas S. Brahm for allowing me to use the information from this book, under special permission. As such, all information on this page is the copyright property of Dr. Muhammad Sharif Khan and Andreas S. Brahm and should not be used without the written permission of the copyright holders. Family: ELAPIDAE (Kraits & Cobras)

Family of deadliest venomous snakes containing cobras, kraits, mambas and coral. They are morphologically colubrids, except that they possess a pair of short immovable, hollow fangs, longer than rest of the teeth, connected with poison through a duct opening at the tip of the fang. Moreover, characteristically, the loreal scale is absent from head scales. Elapids are represented in Pakistan by two genera of 4-5 species.Genus Bangarus
Bungarine snakes, the "kraits", are medium-sized, thin snakes, with small dark eyes which are hardly visible in life. Smooth scales, black to dark brown dorsum with a steelish luster, paired narrow white bands extend across dorsum at regular intervals.
Kraits are shy, in danger prefer to lie low, when provoked body rolls into a ball, and hisses. The head is kept under coils, while the tail is kept high and is waved to and fro, to distract attention of enemy. The "balling" snake suddenly strikes when molested (khan and tasnim, 1986b).
Genus Bungarus is represented in Pakistan by three species:
Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus)
Sindhi Krait (Bungarus sindanus)
Northern Punjab Krait (Bangarus sindanus razai)
Genus Naja
Snakes of this genus can expand ribs of anterior half of their body so to stretch the skin of this region into a "hood", and are capable of raising it vertically up above These snakes are usually known as "nags", are long, thick, heavy bodied, often exceeding 1500 mm in total length. They are deadly poisonous and most-feared of the subcontinent.
Genus Naja is represented in Pakistan by two species:
Spectacled or Indian Cobra (Naja Naja)
Oxus or Brown Cobra (Naja Oxiana)
Family: VIPERIDAE (Pitless vipers)
This family is represented in Pakistan by five genera and seven species and subspecies.
Russell's or Chain Viper (Daboia russelii)
Saw-scaled Viper (Echis carinatus) (New)
Sochurek's or Eastern Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus sochureki) (New)
Multiscale or Transcaspian Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus multisquamatus) (New)
Astola Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus astolae) (New)
Macmahon's or Leaf Nosed Viper (Eristicophis macmahonii)
Persian Horned Viper (Pseudocerastes persicus)
Levantine Viper or Mountain Adder (Macrovipera lebetina)
Family: CROTALIDAE (Pit vipers)
Snout pointed, a deep loreal pit between eye and nostril; head-top relatively flat with large shields, usually small azygos scales split off from the main head scales; nostril centered between two nasal scales; postocular and subocular are fused to form a large scale; which does not line the mouth.
Pit vipers are represented by a single species in Pakistan, belonging to the genus Gloydius:
Himalayan Pit Viper (Gloydius himlayanus)


Credits:
A Guide to The Snakes of Pakistan, Muhammad Sharif Khan, Edition Chimaira Frankfurt am Main 2002 (http://www.chimaira.de/)
Venomous Snakes of the Middle East (Identification Guide), Defence Intelligence Document, U.S Defence Intelligence Agency
Dr. Muhammad Sharif Khan, Herpetological Lab Rabwah, Pakistan
Pakistan Museum of Natural History
Nausherwan Ahmed